{"id":20672,"date":"2023-09-21T11:34:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T15:34:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/?p=20672"},"modified":"2023-12-08T10:27:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T14:27:53","slug":"new-microscope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/new-microscope\/","title":{"rendered":"Biology Department Incorporates New Microscope into Research, Teaching"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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A microscope acquired in spring 2023 using grant funds is opening new opportunities for research and teaching in the Kalamazoo College biology<\/a> department. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fluorescence dissecting microscope boasts several advantages over other microscopes in the department, said Michael Wollenberg, associate professor of biology and department chair, and Amanda Wollenberg, associate professor of biology. Its features include optics that allow clear views of individual cells, fluorescence to help differentiate between types of cells, space to manipulate a sample while viewing it, and a dedicated camera and software program. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe want to be able to look at single bacterial cells, and they’re one-millionth of a meter large, so they’re not visible to the naked eye,\u201d Michael said. \u201cWhat\u2019s really important is that we have a microscope that has extremely good optics, and those optics resolve the sample very well\u2014they magnify it to the point where we can see individual bacterial cells. Bacterial cells are clear and transparent, and having a set of fluorescent molecules inside the cell allows us to tag them with a glowing marker so we can say, \u2018OK, that transparent cell that’s really tiny\u2014that’s actually the bacterial cell we\u2019re interested in, as opposed to schmutz or a eukaryotic cell or some other bacterial cell, and it’s located in X, Y or Z place, which gives us a three-dimensional resolution of the relationship that we’re looking at.\u2019\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While many microscopes use white light to illuminate samples, a fluorescence microscope can do more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBacteria might be too small to actually see just using white light,\u201d Amanda said. \u201cIf you genetically manipulate those bacteria so that they glow fluorescent\u2014and that’s a very common technique; people do it all the time, Michael can do it in his lab\u2014if you have a microscope that can detect fluorescence, you can track those bacteria. You can see where they are because they’re glowing green.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The microscope also has a camera and software program that allows the user to take and analyze photos through the microscope as well as project to a computer screen\u2014two key advantages in research and in teaching that are new to the biology department in terms of dissecting microscopes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe camera and software are really important when it comes to trying to share the results of what we see with other scientists by publishing,\u201d Amanda said. \u201cYou can’t just say, \u2018Oh, trust us, we saw it.\u2019 You must have a picture, and it’s got to be a high-quality picture. Ideally, you also try to quantify some of the information in that picture. That means you don’t just show a picture. You say, \u2018We took 100 pictures, and we did this analysis of the intensity of the color, using the software program, and in 70 percent of the pictures, the intensity was higher than a certain threshold.\u2019\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The computer projection makes the microscope an excellent teaching tool. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA microscope has two eyepieces,\u201d Michael said. \u201cYou look in the eyepieces, and you\u2019re the only person who can see what you\u2019re seeing. This camera is a great way to project what the microscope sees to a larger group of people, be it a small research laboratory, like our summer research with undergraduates, or a small class.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biology major\u202fAllison Sokacz \u201924 has worked in Michael Wollenberg\u2019s lab for three summers. She recently started using the microscope in the summer research that will form the basis for her Senior Integrated Project. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe intensity that lets you see the entire fluorescence from this microscope, versus some of the other scopes we have, is really helpful,\u201d Sokacz said. \u201cIt\u2019s a lot easier to see what you have.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The camera is essential to her project, as she is working with two different forms of a bacteria and will be able to compare their locations using saved images. She also appreciates the benefits of the screen projection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMicroscopy is hard, because only one person can see,\u201d Sokacz said. \u201cI just took microbiology with Dr. [Michael] Wollenberg this spring, and I really struggled with microscopy, because it\u2019s different for everyone. My lab partner might say, put the zoom to this, but then I might not be able to see it. With this microscope, I can say what I see, and they can also see it, instead of, \u2018Well, I saw this but then it moved off the screen,\u2019 or, \u2018I can\u2019t get it in focus.\u2019 Being able to show a whole room what you\u2019re seeing is definitely helpful.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, the microscope has a wheel that allows for different filters that can detect different colors of fluorescence, which expands the future possibilities for use. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou could label one type of bacteria with green and one with red, and now you can look at the dynamics,\u201d Amanda said. \u201cAre the green ones in one place, are the red ones in another place? Another thing researchers will do sometimes is to stain the host with one color and the bacteria with a different color, and that can help resolve some of the questions of what you are seeing.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Student
Garrick Hohm \u201925 looks into the fluorescence dissecting microscope purchased for the biology department in spring 2023 using National Science Foundation grant funds. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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\"Student
Biology major Allison Sokacz \u201924 demonstrates how the biology department\u2019s new, grant-purchased microscope can be connected to a computer monitor for research and teaching. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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\"New
Garrick Hohm \u201925 looks into the fluorescence dissecting microscope<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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\"Student
Allison Sokacz \u201924 checks for the presence and location of bacteria in nematodes using a grant-purchased microscope that is opening up new research and teaching opportunities in the biology department. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The microscope was purchased using funds from a $400,000 National Science Foundation<\/a> grant, awarded to the Wollenbergs in June 2018 to study mechanisms of specificity and tolerance in a nematode-bacterial symbiosis.\u202fAbout 9 percent of that budget was for the microscope, which cost about $35,000. The rest of the total includes about 12.5 percent for other materials and small equipment, 5 percent for travel, 26 percent for indirect costs like building infrastructure, and slightly less than half for student pay, summer salary and benefits. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cScience uses very condensed writing, where each word means so much,\u201d Amanda said. \u201cIn the title of our research, \u2018mechanisms\u2019 tell you that we\u2019re looking at the molecular side of things: not just that this happens, but how does it happen? \u2018Specificity\u2019 is getting at this idea that when two organisms are trying to have a relationship with each other, it\u2019s not like just any bacteria can come in and live with any animal. \u2018Tolerance\u2019 is, even once they’ve found each other and formed that partnership, they have to keep getting along with each other. From the animal perspective, it can’t start killing off that bacteria like it does to other, more pathogenic bacteria. The specific relationship we’re looking at is a nematode-bacterial symbiosis. This is telling us that the animal is the nematode\u2013that’s a roundworm that lives in the soil\u2013and the partner it has is bacteria. Symbiosis is saying they’re in partnership, they both benefit each other. We’re trying to understand how they find each other and get along with each other within that system.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The duo is well-suited to the research, with Michael bringing a microbiology perspective while Amanda has an immunology focus.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe big picture is that we live in a microbial world where there’s lots and lots of microorganisms that are in and on our bodies and all animal bodies,\u201d Michael said. \u201cBasically, they facilitate everything that animals do; we can’t survive without them. Understanding how animals tolerate beneficial microorganisms is a big open scientific question. How do we train our immune systems, or how are our immune systems calibrated, so that the friendly bacteria get into association with organisms and maintain those associations that are beneficial?\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

That’s not very well understood, Michael notes, \u201cespecially not in really complicated organisms like humans, where there are myriad different species of microorganisms that are associated with us. If you think about our gut, it’s like its own ecosystem. We do research with simple models to try to understand detailed answers to bigger biology questions, in the hopes that other scientists can apply that research to things that are more relevant for human health or other animals that have more complicated associations in their health.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new microscope is an invaluable tool in the Wollenbergs\u2019 research, and they also look forward to the whole biology department finding ways to use it in the classroom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat was part of the reason we wanted to get this piece of equipment as well, is to integrate it with teaching and use it as a teaching tool,\u201d Michael said. \u201cAs we\u2019re coming online with the things we\u2019ve wanted to do with the grant, it\u2019s giving us ideas of how we can translate this into the classroom.\u201d <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A microscope acquired in spring 2023 using grant funds is opening new opportunities for research and teaching in the Kalamazoo College biology department.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":252,"featured_media":20676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233,3,231],"tags":[52],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-20672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faculty-staff","category-news","category-students","tag-biology"],"yoast_head":"\r\nMicroscope Empowers New Research, Teaching - News and Events<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A microscope acquired in spring 2023 using grant funds is opening new opportunities for research and teaching in the Kalamazoo College biology department.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link 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aria-label=\"archive of category Faculty & Staff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/category\/faculty-staff\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Faculty & Staff<\/a><a aria-label=\"archive of category News Stories\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News Stories<\/a><a aria-label=\"archive of category Students\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/category\/students\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Students<\/a>","tags_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/tag\/biology\/\" rel=\"tag\">biology<\/a>","social_share_info":"<a data-share=\"facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/new-microscope\/\" class=\"pl-facebook-share social-share-default pl-social-share\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fab fa-facebook-f\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><a data-share=\"twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/new-microscope\/\" class=\"pl-twiiter-share social-share-default 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