{"id":17455,"date":"2022-08-08T13:44:58","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T17:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/?p=17455"},"modified":"2024-09-17T15:10:49","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T19:10:49","slug":"jumping-worms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/jumping-worms\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalamazoo Gardeners Beware: Student Unearths Jumping Worms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"Katie
Katie Rock ’23 is cataloging the earthworms inhabiting Lillian Anderson Arboretum and has unearthed jumping worms, which have never been officially documented in Kalamazoo.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Katie
Katie Rock ’23 compares a common earthworm (left) to a jumping worm. Jumping worms are officially being documented in Kalamazoo through Rock’s research for the first time.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Worms crawl in and worms crawl out, but biology major<\/a> Katie Rock \u201923 has found a problematic variety that jumps right here in Kalamazoo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rock\u2019s Senior Integrated Project (SIP), cataloging the earthworms inhabiting Lillian Anderson Arboretum, has unearthed an invasive species never before officially documented within our city, the jumping worm (scientific name Amynthas<\/a>). Rock said all worms in Michigan are invasive species given that glaciers killed the native varieties during the Ice Age. The crawlers we have now mostly came from Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMost of the earthworms are good for agriculture and gardening,\u201d Rock said. \u201cIn the forests, they\u2019re not as beneficial, but they have benefits in producing and giving nutrients.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Katie
Katie Rock ’23 collects worms after mustard water forces them to the soil’s surface at Lillian Anderson Arboretum.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Katie
Katie Rock ’23 pours one gallon of mustard water into a sampling area, forcing worms to the soil’s surface.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jumping worms, though, which come from places such as Korea and Japan, present their own problems. They have no natural predators, individual specimens can reproduce by themselves, and they go through a lifecycle in one season, so they\u2019re faster to mature, Rock said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey originally came from Asia through tiny cocoons,\u201d she said. \u201cThey get into potted plants and then people plant them, so they spread all over. There have been attempts to stop their spread, but there hasn\u2019t been any solution.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jumping worms inhabit leaf litter and the top few inches of soil on the ground. Their movements, processes and quick metabolism change the soil\u2019s texture, so it looks like coffee grounds, Rock said, stripping the soil of its nutrients, and potentially killing plants. They\u2019ve been found in other Great Lakes region states such as Wisconsin and Minnesota. In Michigan, they were found for the first time in the Detroit area around 2008 and more recently in Grand Rapids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plus, with the crawlers in the arboretum, local residents are likely to find the jumping worms in local yards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Katie
Katie Rock ’23 shows a geographic information system (GIS) map she will use in her research to map where jumping worms are found.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Katie
Katie Rock ’23 is designing a map that shows jumping worms at Lillian Anderson Arboretum have so far been confined to spaces near Batts Pavilion.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf you see any, do not transfer any of your plants over to anyone else,\u201d Rock said. \u201cIt\u2019s actually recommended that we kill them because of their detrimental effects on ecosystems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rock and her SIP advisor, Professor of Biology Ann Fraser, have found mostly juvenile jumping worms with a few adults in the arboretum, as expected because they start each year as eggs and take time to grow to adults. The species is identifiable thanks to their extreme movements that can be provoked by human touch, a glossy gray color that leaves them nearly translucent in their gastrointestinal regions, a flat ring-like structure called a clitellum that circles their body and serves as a reproductive organ, and small hairs, or bristles, that can be seen under a microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI\u2019m going to do a GIS (geographic information system) map in my research, comparing where earthworms are found to where invasive species of plants are found,\u201d Rock said. \u201cWe think there might be a correlation. It\u2019s also possible that deer might be spreading them. For right now, the only place we\u2019ve found them is close to Batts Pavilion. We have not found any yet on the other side of the power lines. We\u2019re wondering if that\u2019s because there\u2019s an intersection where they haven\u2019t crossed yet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testing for jumping worms can be a heavy lift for Rock, requiring assistance from a golf cart as she hauls her equipment, including one gallon of mustard water for every test she intends to conduct during a stay at the arboretum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mustard water is just that: a mix of mustard powder and water that Rock pours on the ground within a given quadrant or sampling area. The mustard irritates the worms and forces them to the surface, where Rock collects them. She also records what she sees in the trees; collects a soil sample; clears away any vegetation and debris; measures the soil\u2019s temperature, pH balance and moisture; and notes other bugs she finds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSometimes I find a lot of worms and sometimes I find just a few,\u201d Rock said. \u201cAfter I collect my worms, I\u2019ll measure them and put them in ethanol. I then look at them under the microscope, ID them and separate them in jars by type.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If Rock finds more adults when she resamples as her work concludes this month, she can confirm a larger infestation. Long term, it might be impossible to get rid of all of the jumping worms, although figuring out how to isolate their locations within the arboretum would provide Rock with the type of experience she wants to have in preparing for a career.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI want to go into environmental science and ecology, and I think this is a good start, especially with the experience in an invasive species,\u201d Rock said. \u201cThe process of finding it, cutting it off and finding ways of preserving other areas from it is important. I hope to bring in that knowledge in grad school or in a job with some ideas for tackling a new problem, even if it\u2019s not worms.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Katie Rock \u201923 unearthed an invasive species never before officially documented in our city through her work at the arboretum. Watch out for jumping worms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":17475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,231],"tags":[52,161],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-17455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-students","tag-biology","tag-senior-integrated-project"],"yoast_head":"\r\nJumping Worms: Kalamazoo Gardeners Beware - News and Events<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Katie Rock \u201923 unearthed an invasive species never before officially documented in our city through her work at the arboretum. 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Watch out for jumping worms.<\/p>\n","comment_info":"No Comments","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/147"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17455"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23182,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17455\/revisions\/23182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17455"},{"taxonomy":"post_format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kzoo.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_formats?post=17455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}