By Jaime Grant, Contributing Editor, Gender and Sexualities
Students of color at colleges across the country have been organizing for years to foreground their experiences of racism – raising a broad range of issues from campus life, to curriculum, to hiring practices and faculty representation of people of color. At Kalamazoo College, a growing number of students of color are raising key questions about a college’s readiness for meaningful engagement with issues of racism, while students at the University of Michigan and the University of California, Los Angeles are organizing against erasure in the wake of legal decisions against affirmative action.
Student organizing has been accompanied by seemingly endless discussions about white privilege and frequent references to Peggy McIntosh’s 1988 essay, Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, a classic consciousness-raising piece about white privilege.
For many white students, this article is an eye-opener because of its analysis that white people benefit from racist structures and the racist distribution of power and resources in US society every day of our lives. Yet this article remains limited because it offers no direction for its readers after coming to this awareness.
I offer this piece as a follow-up to McIntosh. Once we get past the idea that racism rests with a few prejudiced, hate-filled individuals and accept that all white people uphold a system of racism in our daily choices and actions, there is a lifetime of anti-racist work ahead of us.
I hope this article helps white students – and faculty, staff and administrators – consider our next, pro-active steps in dismantling racism in our communities of higher education. And beyond – I hope this article becomes part of our toolbox in figuring out how to create the workplaces, institutions, neighborhoods and beloved communities to which we aspire.
Emptying the White Knapsack:
Applying Privilege by Redistributing White-Hoarded Power and Resources
(1) Stop being the first person to talk at every meeting; stop being the person we hear from the most. Listen. Listen more. Listen when you are uncomfortable.
(2) Support or be of use to projects that are established and led by people of color.
(3) Stop segregating around race and class so that the only people of color in your life are either service providers or service recipients. Put yourself in a position to have your thinking and your practices challenged by peers of color and low-income peers.
(4) Stop saying – and especially stop telling your children – that “race doesn’t matter.” Open your eyes to the impacts of racism all around you; point out the ways racism is playing out in your path and help other white people understand their unearned privileges and their attendant responsibility to dismantle racism.
(5) Do conscious succession planning for your leadership position or high paying job so that people of color and lower income people are prepared to assume your position when you leave.
(6) Advocate for social justice hiring in your workplace or community to address the systemic racism that maintains a supermajority of white people in positions of power (board, executive staff, tenured positions, management). Insist that your workforce (especially leadership) mirrors the racial distribution in your community or your constituency.
(7) Help create economically accessible, people of color driven cooperatives in your neighborhood – child care, food, coaching, farmer’s markets, clothing swaps, etc.
(8) Challenge racial profiling and police brutality in your neighborhood, school, township, or city. Interrupt practices you observe. Speak out. Organize.
(9) Support and frequent businesses that are people of color owned.
(10) Challenge racist lending practices in your community.
(11) Advocate for accessible, high quality health care in people of color majority neighborhoods. Insist that the race of the doctors and health care leadership mirrors the race of the people they are serving.
(12) Stop celebrating holidays that glorify racist history; reframe “thanksgiving” and “independence day” so that white children begin to develop critical skills around the way our nation addresses its history of colonialism, slavery and white supremacy.
(13) Buy your home or rent your apartment in a people of color majority neighborhood and instead of advocating for increased policing, advocate for:
- free or affordable child care and afterschool programs;
- citizens’ review boards for local police practices;
- youth sports leagues;
- visual, performing arts, music and other creative projects;
- community gardening and access to affordable fresh food;
- tax abatement for long-term residents of the neighborhood so that they are not pushed out if more whites move in, and property values rise due to racist gentrification.
(14) Send your children to public school and instead of advocating for “zero tolerance” or “bullying” programs that target children of color for suspension and expulsion, advocate for programs that:
- hire more people of color in leadership positions at school;
- restructure ‘gifted’ programs that shut out students of color via ‘objective’ criteria;
- bring creativity and student voice to the fore in the school culture;
- address trauma driven by racism, sexism and poverty;
- reclaim storytelling;
- teach the history of racism and its impacts;
- provide respite for low-income parents.
(15) Don’t expect people of color to be glad you are in their neighborhood, stores or schools. White people often come into people of color majority spaces and make things worse by:
- increasing policing and incarceration, especially of men and boys;
- drawing the attention and intervention of the state to families of color;
- driving up property values and driving out people of color;
- increasing investment in the neighborhood that “whitens” every existing institution and closes many long-term people of color led enterprises;
- bringing in businesses that don’t reflect the existing culture or community priorities.
(16) Don’t think of yourself as “doing good” or “giving back” by addressing racism; understand that you are making reparations but that you will never share the jeopardy that racism presents to your peers of color. You are benefitting from a daily racist “pass.”
(17) Campaign for and fund candidates at the local and national level that address racism in local, national and foreign policy.
(18) Organize, teach and challenge other white people to address systemic racism, outlined above.
22 Comments
Pingback: Emptying the White Knapsack | Pheonix Chicken Mystery School
Pingback: Emptying the White Knapsack Summary | Some words by Richard Hosein
Pingback: Canadian White Knapsack | craigperkin
Pingback: Emptying the White Knapsack | GRUNDHAWA
Pingback: Emptying the White Knapsack | shaqburns
Pingback: Reaction to Issue: White Privilege | mchomseng
Pingback: Reaction to “Emptying the White Knapsack” | tamarakatherine
Pingback: Reaction to “Emptying the White Knapsack” | tamarabre
Pingback: Reaction to “Emptying the White Knapsack” | Jen Hansen
Pingback: Reaction to “Empyting the White Knapsack” | Sunshine, Smiles, and Sociology
Pingback: Response to “Emptying the White Knapsack” | Danika Yeng
Pingback: Emptying the White Knapsack – Response. | geoffcotter
Pingback: Reaction to “Emptying the white knapsack” by Jaime Grant | isaacpriyanthan
Pingback: Sociology Summary: Reaction to “Emptying the White Knapsack” | naomiokada
Thank you! Will do!
Please copy and distribute as you like!
Hi Jaime,
This is great. I wonder if it would be ok to also print the article to use as a handout at antiracism events or in a white privilege discussion group?
Either way we will link to this in our newsletter and/or on our website.
Thank you!
Sharin
from
Mass Slavery Apology
Jaime,
Well done. I’d like to add to this the encouragement of white people engaged in anti-racist struggle to challenge the ideas of people of color (POC) when you disagree. As a scholar who is Black and female, I find that the literature and discourse around what racially and gender privileged people can do to foster more equity and diversity often assumes a lack of agency on the part of the marginalized. We (all of us – racially privileged and racially marginalized)) need work within and across our respective communities so after emptying the knapsack, acknowledge that non-whites and poor people have historical and collective responses to oppression that isn’t always contributive to equity and diversity. Sometimes we make it hard for those Middle Class White (MCWs) people trying to engage in anti-racist struggle to maintain their activity in the struggle. Our (and I argue justifiable) anger, resentment and suspicion is sometimes focused on individuals instead of structural inequality and systemic racism. When white people respond to this with a “pass,” it infantilizes POC, which is not contributive to collective, cross-race struggle. So, add this to the list:
1. What MCWs must do are all the things on this list AND be willing to hang in during conflict when POC show distrust and/or anger.
2, What POC must do is channel anger, resentment, fear, hostility and suspicion appropriately (usually to the institutional and/or societal root rather than an individual’s behavior) and raise issues in ways that are not ONLY angry and hostile (because sometimes anger and hostility is the appropriate response to racism) but also educative and resolving.
3. What MCWs must do is to understand that while POC have been historically, systematically, and institutionally oppressed, POC are as able to think and act on their own behalf as MCWs are which includes the ability and right to make mistakes and behave poorly. Thus, MCWs need to be able to engage in conflict with POC the same as they would with other MCW’s without asserting themselves and superior or expert because they are MCW.
Excellent. Is it OK to share this with HBCUs in the South? This can create a necessary “Correspondence”.
I used the essay “Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” in my classes with NYC educators during the 80s.
It is powerfully insightful to read this again and see its profound relevancy for this period. Many thanks.
Jaime your remarks are very timely. Racism is a topic that demands a national discussion and for the most part people of color have been leading the discussion, and therefore the input for such a discussion has suffered for many years. Racism impacts us all, no matter what race, creed, or color. It is always encouraging to see younger people step forward to take on the disgrace of racism and point out to others the inherent, undemocratic nature of its beginning and unrelenting history. At this very moment, the scourge of racism is shaking the unfinished foundation of the entire nation. Unfinished because the foundation of the nation was built on racism. I am sure that I don’t have to tell you that in the congress and the senate, along with “red state” governors, a definite strategy is unfolding to maintain a racist line for the country…denying us the much needed national discussion that will push the democratic process in the direction of progress.
#1 speaks to me the most as an observant student of color in the classroom. This is probably the smallest but most impactful action that white students tend to do with out noticing. It’s the small things that matter.
Brava, Jaime. To #16, I would add the following: Figure out how working against racism benefits YOU, as a white person, by figuring out how racism has damaged YOU and YOUR world, as a white person. This is a way to get past thinking that by doing antiracist work, you are being altruistic or heroic or working “for others.” Racism is a social disease, and it infects us as white people, diminishing our mental and spiritual health, our ability to understand the world, and our ability to create and sustain healthy relationships with people of color.