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Kalamazoo College Upjohn Library
HOW TO CITE SOURCES

A citation is the information you need to find and cite a specific publication, usually including an article's title, author, journal title (also called source), date, volume, issue, and page numbers.

For a general guide, see Diana Hacker's Research and Documentation Online and the Library of Congress guide to citing Electronic Sources and Primary Sources.

The styles covered in this guide are:

**Note: ALWAYS consult a style manual to create citations! Do not rely on the examples on this page!

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MLA Style (Modern Language Association)

MLA style is often used when writing papers in literature, arts, and the humanities. See the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers for more detailed information (Ref. LB2369 .G53).

Journal article:

Hornet, Kay. "Kalamazoo's Inspirational College Mascots." Jivin' in the Hive 26.3 (1999) : 21-35.

Book:

Reader, Avid, and Perma Bound. A Comprehensve History of Books and Bookmaking in Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo: City Press, 1933.

Chapter in a book:

Seashore, Shelly. "Bathing Cap Use in Kalamazoo, Michigan." Sand, Soil, and Toil: Beaches in the American Midwest. Ed. Ivana Suntann and Misty C. Weed. Chicago: Flaming Dune Publications, 1998. 234-267.
Helpful Websites:

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APA Style (American Psychological Association)

APA style is often used when writing papers in psychology, education, and other social sciences. See the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association for more detailed information (Ref. BF76.7 .P83).

Journal article:

Hornet, K. (1999). Kalamazoo's inspirational college mascots. Jivin' in the Hive, 26(3), 21-35.

Book:

Reader, A., & Bound, P. (1933). A Comprehensve history of books and bookmaking in Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo, MI: City Press.

Chapter in a book:

Seashore, S. (1998). Bathing cap use in Kalamazoo, Michigan. In I. Suntann & M.C. Weed (Eds.), Sand, Soil, and Toil: Beaches in the American Midwest (pp. 234-267). Chicago: Flaming Dune Publications.
Helpful Websites:

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Chicago Style (and Turabian)

Chicago style is often used when writing papers in the humanities and social sciences. See the Chicago Manual of Style for more detailed information (Ref. Z253 .U69). See also A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian (LB2369 .T8).

Journal article:

Hornet, Kay. "Kalamazoo's Inspirational College Mascots." Jivin' in the Hive 26, no. 3 (1999): 21-35.

Footnote for a journal article: Kay Hornet, "Kalamazoo's Inspirational College Mascots," Jivin' in the Hive 26, no. 3 (1999): 24.

Book:

Reader, Avid, and Perma Bound. A Comprehensve History of Books and Bookmaking in Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo, MI: City Press, 1933.

Footnote for a book: Avid Reader and Perma Bound, A Comprehensve History of Books and Bookmaking in Kalamazoo (Kalamazoo, MI: City Press, 1933), 23.

Chapter in a book:

Seashore, Shelly . "Bathing Cap Use in Kalamazoo, Michigan." In Sand, Soil, and Toil: Beaches in the American Midwest, edited by Ivana Suntann and Misty C. Weed, 234-267. Chicago: Flaming Dune Publications, 1998.

Footnote for a chapter: Shelly Seashore, "Bathing Cap Use in Kalamazoo, Michigan," in Sand, Soil, and Toil: Beaches in the American Midwest, ed. Ivana Suntann and Misty C. Weed (Chicago: Flaming Dune Publications, 1998), 239-241.

Helpful Websites:

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CBE Style (Council of Biology Educators)

CBE style is often used when writing papers in the sciences. See Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers for more detailed information (Ref. T11 .S386).

Journal article:

Hornet, K. 1999. Kalamazoo's inspirational college mascots. Jivin' in the Hive 26(3): 21-35.

Book:

Reader, A., Bound, P. 1933. A comprehensive history of books and bookmaking in Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo: City Press. 1083 p.

Chapter in a book:

Seashore, S. 1998. Bathing cap use in Kalamazoo, Michigan. In: Suntann I, Weed MC, editors. Sand, Soil and Toil: Beaches in the American Midwest. Chicago: Flaming Dune Publications. p 234-267.
Helpful Websites:

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Electronic Style

Though most style manuals mentioned above contain information about citing electronic resources, there are other guides that may be helpful as well.

How to Cite Electronic Sources from the Library of Congress
Includes information on citing films, government publications, maps, photographs, audio recordings, and texts in MLA and Turabian styles.

See also Citing Sources from the Duke University Library

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Legal Citations

Introduction to Basic Legal Citation from Cornell Univeristy
Includes information on citing judicial opinions, constitutions and statutes, agency materials, arbitrations, court rules, books, and case documents.

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More on Citation Styles:

  • Citing Electronic Information
    From Columbia University Press.
  • APA (American Psychological Association)
    APADocumentation Style
    From The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center
  • APSA (American Political Science Association)
    APSADocumentation
    From The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
  • CBE (Council of Biology Educators)
    CBEDocumentation
    From The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
  • Chicago Style (and Turabian)
    Chicago Style
    From The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
    Chicago Manual of Style
    Frequently Asked Questions from the University of Chicago Press.
    Examples of citing electronic resources in Chicago Style at the bottom of the page.
  • MLA Style (Modern Language Association)
    MLA Style
    From The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
    MLA Style
    From the Modern Language Association (MLA).

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