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Kalamazoo College Upjohn Library

Junior Seminar in United States History
The U.S. in the World in the 20th Century
History 391

History Research Guide Library Web Site
  Ask a Librarian
   

Primary and Secondary Sources Defined:
What are Primary Sources (UC Berkeley)

How to Find:
Books | Journal Articles | Finding Primary Sources | Citing Sources



Finding Books

Using Catalogs to locate books:

    • Search by Keyword
    • Find and Use Subject Headings
    • When possible, browse the shelves by Call Number

    1.) Ariadne

 

Note:
  • Don't forget to browse the collections.
  • Don't forget to use print and online bibliographies.

Samples of Background Sources

 

  • American Decades
    Ref. E169.12 .A419 1994 v.1-10
  • The American Nation: primary sources
    Ref. E173 .A747 2008
  • The American years
    Ref. E174.5 .G753 2003 v.1-2
  • Cold War America, 1946 to 1990
    Ref. E741 .G76 2003
  • The Columbia chronicles of American life, 1910-1992
    Ref. E169.1 .G667 1995
  • Encyclopedia of American History
    Ref.E174 .E53 2003
  • Encyclopedia of the United States in the twentieth century
    Ref. E740.7 .E53 1996 v.1-5
  • Historical dictionary of the 1950s
    Ref. E835 .O44 2000
  • Historical dictionary of the 1960s
    Ref. E841 .H58 1999
  • Historical dictionary of the 1970s
    Ref. E865 .H57 1999
  • The sixties in America
    Ref. E841 .S55 1999 v.1-3
  • The sixties chronicle
    Ref. E841 .S59 2004
  • War and American popular culture : a historical encyclopedia
    Ref. E181 .W26 1999

 


Finding Journal Articles

See Also the History Research guide Finding Articles on History.

Off-Campus Access to Licensed Resources

Journal Indexes & Databases

Online Indexes

America: History and Life < about >

Historical Abstracts< about >

Humanities Abstracts < about >

PAIS International < about > (Public Affairs Information Service) Political Science

Social Sciences Abstracts < about >

Full Text Databases

JSTOR < about >

Project Muse < about >

ProQuest Research Library < about >

Which index includes the journal I'm looking for? Is the journal Scholarly?

 


Do you have access to a journal?  

    1.) Ariadne (print)
    • Title search on Title of the Journal to locate print journal
    2.) Online Journals at K
    • Title search on Title of the Journal to locate article in a Full Text Database



Finding Primary Sources

Primary Sources in the Kalamazoo College Library

Use these terms in Ariadne to locate primary sources (search by subject and keyword):

  • Diaries
  • Personal narratives
  • Correspondence
  • Speeches
  • Autobiographies
  • Films
  • Photographs
  • Audio recordings

Local Repositories of Primary Sources

Online Sources for Newspapers and Journals

Historical New York Times (1851 to 3 years ago) < about >

Kalamazoo Gazette Historical < about > Full-text coverage of the weekly and daily versions of the Kalamazoo Gazette, 1837-1922.

Readers' Guide Retrospective (1890-1982) < about >

Readers' Guide Abstracts (1983-present) < about >

Available at Western Michigan: Historical Newspapers. Includes full-text articles for Atlanta Constitution (1868 - 1945); Atlanta Daily World (1931-2003); The Chicago Defender (1905 - 1975); Chicago Tribune (1849 - 1986); Christian Science Monitor (1908 - 1996); Los Angeles Sentinel (1934-2005); Los Angeles Times (1881 - 1987); New York Amsterdam News (1922-1993); The New York Times (1851 - 2006); Pittsburgh Courier (1911-2002); The Wall Street Journal (1889 - 1992); The Washington Post (1877 - 1993)

 

 


Primary Sources on the Web

What are primary sources?
Primary sources are records or objects that have survived from the past, such as letters, photographs, diaries, audio recordings, video recordings, newspaper articles written at the time of an event, buildings, speeches, scrapbooks, pamphlets, furniture, tools, household items, clothing, toys...

Websites About Primary Sources
Explainations and examples of primary sources

Websites for Primary Sources

Kalamazoo College Library Guide to Primary Sources

OAIster
Oaister is a union catalog for digital resources from open archives collections. It contains multidisciplinary resources from more than 1000 contributors. The collections include born-digital texts, images, audio files, theses, and research papers.

American History Online
A project of the Andrew W. Mellon foundation and the University of Illinois to provide scholars with access to historical digital library collections from a wide variety of sources.

American Memory
Historical Collections for the National Digital Library From the Library of Congress.
Topics include History, Political Science and Law, Social Sciences, and many others.
http://memory.loc.gov/

Making of America from Cornell University and Making of America from University of Michigan
a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction.
Includes nineteenth century periodicals at Cornell site and the U of M site.

Primary Sources: 20th c. United States History
A subject guide prepared by the University of Washington libraries.

The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture is a national research library devoted to collecting, preserving and providing access to resources documenting the experiences of peoples of African descent throughout the world.

AMDOCS: Documents for the Study of American History
http://www.vlib.us/amdocs/
Full text of primary source documents in American History, from 1400 through 2000.

World History Sources
A project of the Center for History and New Media, George Mason University,

Government Publications on the Web

FDsys FDsys provides free online access to official Federal Government publications.

U.S Department of State. Office of the Historian

U.S. National Archives

Google U.S. Government search

 



Evaluating Web Sites

Use these points to evaluate the credibility of Websites:

1. Accuracy
How reliable is the information? Are there editors and fact checkers?
2. Authority
What are the author's qualifications? Is the publisher reputable?
3. Objectivity
Is the author trying to sway opinion? Is the information free from bias?
4. Currency
Is the publication date indicated? Is the source up to date?
5. Coverage
Does the site cover the topic comprehensively, or are there information gaps?

Sites that provide guidance on evaluating Websites:


Citing Your Sources in the Chicago Style

Examples of Citations in the Chicago Style:

Book citation:

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America.
  New York: A.A. Knopf, 1985.

Journal Citation:

Edwards, Justin D. "Henry James's 'Alien' New York: Gender and Race in the
  American Scene." American Studies International 36, no. 1 (1998): 66-80.

Chapter in a Book:

Schlereth, Thomas J. "Country Stores, County Fairs, and Mail-Order Catalogues:
  Consumption in Rural America." In Consuming Visions: Accumulation and Display
  of Goods in America, 1880-1920 edited by Simon J. Bronner, 251-300.
  New York: Norton, 1989.

Chicago Manual of Style
14th ed. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Reference, Z253 .U69 1993.

Chicago Style
From the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
See the The Chicago Manual of Style FAQ web site for citing electronic resources in the Chicago Style.

See: How to Cite Sources

See also Citing Sources for help in citing print and electronic resources in various bibliographic styles (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.)