Caroline Bartlett Crane (1858-1935)
Social reformer, Unitarian minister, journalist, suffragist, ecofeminist -- Caroline Bartlett Crane was indeed ahead of her time. A prominent social activist and minister in Kalamazoo, Crane began her career as a journalist for the
Chicago Telegraph in the 1880s and went on to write for newspapers in Minnesota and Wisconsin. However, Crane's dream was to become a minister. She was unable to attend seminary at the time, but with the encouragement of minister friends, Crane began working for the Sioux Falls Unity Church in South Dakota and started a church school for them. By 1889, Crane resigned to pursue a full time theological education at the Chicago Theological Seminary.
Crane came to Kalamazoo to preach for the Unitarian congregation here while attending school in Chicago (can you imagine the commute in the 1890s?). She designed a new building for the congregation and instituted social programs such as a free public kindergarten, a women's gymnasium, and a literary group for African Americans called the Frederick Douglass Club. Crane also served on the board of the Michigan Equal Suffrage Association, and in 1891 she delivered the closing sermon at the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Washington, D.C.
After her marriage to Augustus Warren Crane in 1896, Caroline became a "municipal housekeeper," applying "womanly" domestic skills into the larger social and political sphere. For example, disgusted with sanitary conditions at a local slaughterhouse, Crane helped write and pass meat inspection legislation. Eventually Crane became nationally known for her public health surveys, and personally inspected various cities' water and sewer systems, food supplies, garbage collection systems, street sanitation, and other public works.
In 1924 Crane designed a house that centered on the needs of a mother with an infant. The house, called "Everyman's House," won first place in Herbert Hoover’s "Better Homes of America" campaign. She published a book about the project,
Everyman's House, in 1925. The house still stands in Kalamazoo, on Westnedge Avenue across from Crane Park just south of downtown.
For more about Caroline Bartlett Crane, see:
Websites:
Books:
- Historic Women of Michigan: A Sesquicentennial Celebration. Edited by Rosalie Riegle Troester. K College Library: K Second Floor, CT3260 .H57 1987
- Everyman's House, by Caroline Bartlett Crane, with a foreword by Herbert Hoover. K College Library: Offsite Storage, NA7120 .C85
- Caroline Bartlett Crane and Progressive Reform: Social Housekeeping As Sociology by Linda Rynbrandt. Available from MeLCat.
- A Just Verdict: The Life of Caroline Bartlett Crane by O'Ryan Rickard. Available from MeLCat.
- Twentieth Century Municipal Housekeeper: Caroline Bartlett Crane of Kalamazoo, Michigan by M. Sue Wagner. Available from MeLCat.
Articles:
- "The ecofeminist pragmatism of Caroline Bartlett Crane, 1896–1935" by Linda J. Rynbrandt and Mary Jo Deegan. The American Sociologist, Vol. 33, No. 3, 58-68 (September, 2002).
- "The 'Ladies of the Club' and Caroline Bartlett Crane: Affiliation and Alienation in Progressive Social Reform" by Linda J. Rynbrandt. Gender & Society, Vol. 11, No. 2, 200-214 (1997).
- "Caroline Bartlett Crane and the History of Sociology: Salvation, Sanitation, and the Social Gospel" by Linda J. Rynbrandt. The American Sociologist, Vol. 29, No. 1, 71-82 (March 1998).
Labels: women's history